1940-1959 (26,635 killed by nationwide polio epidemic)
1941 The US enters WWII, ends 1945
1941 Menninger Foundation established by psychiatrist Karl Augustus
Menninger (1893-198?). A nonprofit organization dedicated to the furtherance of
psychiatric research in Topeka, KS.
1941 AAHPER-News from the Therapeutic Section begins
1942 Karl Menninger "Love Against Hate" chapter 7 about
play
1942 American Recreation Society, "recreation worker"
1943 Davis publishes "Principles and Practice of
Rehabilitation"
1943 Pending Congressional action, the Red Cross Gray Ladies are
cooperating with the Army Medical Corps by providing diversional occupations
and recreation to wounded soldiers in Army Hospitals
1943 AAHPER-News from the Therapeutic Section column
"Great
nationwide stress is also being placed on rehabilitation of the grossly
crippled and handicapped, so that they may be mobilized for constructive
service in meeting the manpower shortages in industry and civilian duty,
service which is essential to keep our armies in the field."
Rehabilitation of war casualties and maximum mobilization of manpower.
1943 Federal Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 6 JUL. 1943 (PL 190)
funds physical and vocational restoration, amendment to Vocational
Rehabilitation Act of 1920 (PL113) "remunerative occupation"
1945 VA Recreation Service established. The objectives are: "to
assist the doctor in getting his patients well, and to make life as satisfying
and meaningful as possible for those patients who must remain in the
hospital."
1945-1960 Increase in nursing homes
1946-1964 Steep increase in the U.S. birthrate following WWII
called the "Baby Boom". 76 Million people are born accounting for
nearly one-third of the U.S. population in 1980. The resulting uneven age
distribution has had a multitude of social effects on educational systems, job
markets, urban and suburban economies and so on, including almost every aspect
of contemporary life.
1947 "American Physical and Mental Rehabilitation" APMR
1947 AOTA assumes responsibility of publication of its own organ,
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (current)
Occupational Therapy and
Rehabilitation continued publishing
1948 American Recreation Society, Hospital Recreation Section
1948 College Recreation Association founded
194? APA forms Leisure Time Committee
1950 Korean War, ends 1953
1950 Dunton and Licht "Occupational Therapy Principles and
Practice" ch: 12 Recreational Therapy authored by Davis; Defines RT as:
"any free, voluntary and expressive activity; motor, sensory or mental,
vitalized by an expansive play spirit, sustained by deep rooted pleasurable
attitudes and evoked by wholesome emotional release; prescribed by medical
authority as an adjuvant in treatment."
1950 Masters Programs
Springfield College; M.S. PE & Rec. in
Rehabilitation
U of MN; M.S. Hospital Recreation (taught at med
school)
Columbia U; PE & Rec. in Rehabilitation
1950 The National Association for Music Therapy is founded
1951 JHPER, v22 p13+ N '51 "We Prescribe Recreation"
1951 Esther Goetz Gillian (Ed.) "Music Therapy"
1951 VA "Recreation Service" VA Manual M6-4
1952 Davis writes book "Clinical Applications of Recreational
Therapy"
1952 The Department of Physical Medicine, Graclyn Hospital, Winston
Salem, N.C. offers the first 12 month Recreational Therapy internships.
1952 Bernath Eugene Phillips announces the creation of the
Recreational Therapy Section of the American Association of Health, Physical
Education, and Recreation, a branch of the National Education Association. The
RTS replaces the Institutional half of the Industrial and Institutional
Section.
1953 National Association of Recreational Therapists (NART) is
established Feb. 1953, their official publication is the "Inter-State
News"
1953 The Council for the Advancement of Hospital Recreation (CAHR)
is formed in Feb. 1953 at a meeting held at NEA offices, and was attended by
two representatives each of:
('48) American Recreation Society, Hospital
Section (2 representatives)(Annabelle Story-ARC)
('52) AAHPER's Recreational
Therapy Section (2) (Jack Anderson)
('53) National Association of Recreational
Therapists (2)
('53) National Recreation Association's Hospital Consultant
(originally 1, later 2)
1953 Sacramento State College offers B.A. in Recreational
Therapy
San Francisco State College develops a Hospital Recreation program
New
York University starts a Hospital Recreation Graduate program
1954 U of MN offers Hospital Recreation correspondence course
1954 The Revised 1954 Standards for Psychiatric Hospitals and
Clinics, published by the APA, describes Activity Therapy as on of the
professional services in the mental hospital, and further indicates that it
"may be divided into occupational therapy and recreation."
1955 The first educational film on the therapeutic value of
recreation for patients (hospital recreation) in the non-government hospitals
"Rx for Recreation" (originally So Much for So Little) is a 28 minute
color film produced by the NRA. The script was written by Beatrice Hill and
Robert Wald, and was directed by Robert Wald, who produced the radio/TV series
"American Inventory." The film premiered at the American Hospital
Association convention the week of Sep. 20th, and again at the 37th National
Recreation Congress.
1955 CAHR publishes the first hospital recreation personnel
standards, separating registration into three sections: Hospital Recreation
Director, Hospital Recreation Leader, and Hospital Recreation Aide.
1956 A critical shortage of physical therapists seriously impedes the
national rehabilitation program. Over 5,800 jobs for qualified physical
therapists are available throughout the US.
1956 The Veterans' Administration begins their Student Affiliate
Recreation Trainee Program
1957 Bernath Eugene Phillips becomes CAHR's first registered
Hospital Recreation Director at their Mar. 18, 1957 meeting in Chicago.
1957 SUNY Cortland offers a master's degree in Hospital
Recreation
San Jose Starts a Hospital Recreation program, and is affiliated
with the Palo Alto VA.
Texas Women's University offers Recreational Therapy
bachelor's degree
1958 U of Iowa offers undergraduate and graduate specialization in
Hospital Recreation
1958 NRA Hospital Recreation Consultant becomes Consulting Service on
Recreation for the Ill and The Handicapped
1961 UNC-Chapel Hill hosts the 5th Regional Institute on Hospital
Recreation. The theme was "Expanding Horizons".
1961 Beatrice Hill resigns after seven years as director of the NRA
Consulting Service on Recreation for the Ill and the Handicapped to establish
Comeback, Inc. Comeback, Inc. implements methods developed by the Homebound
Recreation Demonstration Project, which was funded by the Office of Vocational
Rehabilitation and conducted by the NRA. Comeback, Inc. is dedicated to serving
the social rehabilitation needs of the ill and handicapped.
1965 The US sends troops to Vietnam, withdraws 1973
1965-present: Medicare (Health Insurance for the aged) is added to
Social Security benefits, and Medicare starts regulating nursing homes.
1966 The NRA and ARS merge into the National Recreation and Parks
Association (NRPA)
1966 On Sunday, October 9, 1966, the NRPA Board of Trustees in
session at the Washington-Hilton Hotel, Washington, D.C., approved the Charter
and Bylaws of the National Therapeutic Recreation Society and accepted NTRS as
a professional branch of NRPA. NTRS takes over the administration of the
credentialing program from CAHR.
196? First President's Panel on Mental Retardation
196? Passage of Public Law 90--170, which results in training grants
and research for therapeutic recreation
196? PL 90-480 Architectural Barriers Act, tax incentives for
barrier removal
196? Creation of Bureau of Education for Handicapped in Office of
Education
196? First Special Olympics (Olympics for Retarded)
1967 On January 28, 1967, Hilton Motor Inn, Kansas City, Missouri,
the first official meeting of the NTRS Board of Directors was held, and Ira J.
Hutchinson was elected president...During the April mid-year meeting, President
Hutchinson requested the board accept his resignation as president, so he could
accept the NRPA position of "Consultant on Therapeutic Recreation."
He also became NTRS Executive Secretary on a part-time basis...First
publication of the Therapeutic Recreation Journal.
1969 David C. Park was appointed NRPA Therapeutic Recreation
Specialist and NTRS Executive Secretary...The first Registration Board was
convened under NTRS.
1971 Dr. Paul Haun, "Recreation: A Medical Viewpoint"
1971 Adoption of "NTRS Standards for Psychiatric
Facilities," which were later incorporated into the JCAHO Accreditation
Manual for Psychiatric Facilities...NTRS State Section Advisory Council
established.
1972 Draft of the first NTRS Code of Ethics was
completed...Legislative Action Committee was developed...Competencies for
therapeutic recreation specialists were developed.
1973 PL 93-113 Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504
1974 PL 94-142 Education for All Handicapped
1974 NTRS Newsletter was developed.
1975 NTRS Field Placement Guidelines were completed...NTRS 750-Hour
Training Program was completed...After David Park’s resignation, Yvonne A.
Washington assumed the duties of NTRS Branch Liaison.
1975 Utah Recreation Therapy Licensure Rule goes in effect http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/code/r156/r156-40.htm
1976 A committee was established to develop a philosophical position
statement on therapeutic recreation.
1977 White House conference on Handicapped
1977 NTRS Presidential Commission on Assessment of Critical Issues
was established.
1977 Dictionary of Occupational Titles 076.124-014 RECREATIONAL
THERAPIST:
Plans, organizes, and directs medically approved recreation program
for patients in
hospitals and other institutions: Directs and organizes such
activities as adapted sports,
dramatics, social activities, and arts and
crafts, regulating content of program in
accordance with patients'
capabilities, needs, and interest. Prepares reports for patient's
physician or
treatment team, describing patients' reactions, and symptoms indicative of
progress
or regression.
197? JCAHO Standards for TR in psychiatric facilities
197? NTRS 750-hour training program
1978 NTRS Registration Program was recognized by NRPA as the sole
registering body for therapeutic recreation personnel.
1979 Guidelines for Community-Based Recreation Programs for Special
Populations, Standards of Practice for Therapeutic Recreation Services, and
Guidelines for Administration of Therapeutic Recreation Service in Clinical and
Residential Facilities were developed by NTRS.
1980 NTRS conducted a national survey on the status of recreation as
a related service in PL 94-142.
1981 National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification
(NCTRC), formerly NTRS Board of Registration, became a completely autonomous
credentialing body, administratively and financially independent from
NRPA/NTRS...NTRS published Quality Assurance: Concerns for Therapeutic
Recreation and Guidelines for Third-Party Reimbursement...Philosophical
Position Statement on Therapeutic Recreation was accepted and endorsed by the
membership and the Board of Directors of NTRS...Model Practice Act was
developed by NTRS to assist states in addressing licensure...CARF incorporated
therapeutic recreation services into their Standards Manual.
1981 Designated by the United Nations as the International Year of
Disabled Persons
Designated by the United Nations as the International Year of
Disabled Persons
1982-1989 (63,159 killed by AIDS)
1982 NTRS Philosophical Position Statement
1984 NTRS established National Therapeutic Recreation Week.
1984 The American Therapeutic Recreation Association (ATRA)
1985 "ATRA Annual" ATRA
1985 NTRS developed a Strategic Plan—at least 85 percent of the
objectives were completed.
1987 NTRS published Philosophy of Therapeutic Recreation...NTRS
developed a Marketing
Committee...NTRS representative invited to attend the JCAHO PTAC
meeting for the first time...Policies and Procedures Manual was revised,
approved and disseminated to the NTRS Board of Directors...NTRS Regional
Directors began to represent their region on NRPA Regional Councils.
1988 The first NTRS Board Retreat was held in Denton, Texas...The
following topic areas were discussed: marketing, communications/publications,
public policy, professional standards, and the NTRS committee structure. A work
plan was developed to address issues within the topic areas...NTRS unveiled its
new "logo" at the NRPA Congress.
1988 NCTRC job analysis establishes a unique and coherent body of
knowledge
198? Blocked attempts to remove activity therapy opportunities in
nursing homes regulations
198? Development of wellness centers
198? Development of private TR consultant firms
198? IDEA amendments
198? Older Americans Act Reauthorization
198? Older Americans Personal Welfare Education Training Act
1990 NCTRC and ETS (Educational Testing Service) administer first
certification exam.
1990 Revised Standards for Internship in Therapeutic Recreation
published...NTRS revised Guidelines for the Administration of Therapeutic
Recreation Service was published...After Yvonne Washington’s resignation, Rikki
S. Epstein assumed the duties of NTRS Program Manager...A revised Code of
Ethics was adopted.
1990 Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance, volumes 1
& 2.
Volume 2, page 577: As a form of medical treatment: "Recreational
therapists plan, organize, and direct medically approved recreation programs
for patients in hospitals and other institutions."
Volume 1, page 417: In
the recreation and park service: "Therapeutic recreation staff: The
development of classes, sites, and opportunities in recreation for the mentally
and physically disabled is a relatively new area in research and
development."
1991 Dictionary of Occupational Titles 076.124-014 RECREATIONAL
THERAPIST: alternate title: therapeutic recreation worker:
"Plans,
organizes, and directs medically approved recreation program for patients in
hospitals and other institutions: Directs and organizes such activities as
sports, dramatics, games, and arts and crafts to assist patients to develop
interpersonal relationships, to socialize effectively, and to develop
confidence needed to participate in group activities. Regulates content of
program in accordance with patients' capabilities, needs and interests.
Instructs patients in relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing,
concentration, and other activities, to reduce stress and tension. Instructs
patients in calisthenics, stretching and limbering exercises, and individual
and group sports. Counsels and encourages patients to develop leisure
activities. Organizes and coordinates special outings and accompanies patients
on outings, such as ball games, sightseeing, or picnics to make patients aware
of available recreational resources. Prepares progress charts and periodic
reports for medical staff and other members of treatment team, reflecting
patients' reactions and evidence of progress or regression. May supervise and
conduct in-service training of other staff members, review their assessments
and program goals, and consult with them on selected cases. May train groups of
volunteers and students in techniques of recreation therapy. May serve as
consultant to employers, educational institutions, and community health
programs. May prepare and submit requisition for needed supplies."
1991 NTRS initiated a move to enhance the therapeutic recreation
profession by establishing Ad Hoc Committees with NCTRC and ATRA...A proposed
alternate certification plan was developed by NTRS...The NTRS 750-Hour Training
Program for Therapeutic Recreation Assistant was revised.
1992 UT Title 58 Recreational Therapy Practice Act, licensure
1992 NTRS became an Associate Member of CARF and joined the JCAHO
Coalition of Rehabilitation Therapy Organizations. Revised Preparing for a
Career in Therapeutic Recreation... NTRS developed promotional kits to assist
agencies in celebrating National Therapeutic Recreation Week, a national
observance sponsored by NTRS.
1993 NTRS adopted a comprehensive Strategic Plan to guide the
organization's work...A definition of therapeutic recreation was developed...An
NTRS Vision Statement was approved...The NTRS Board approved the Research
Proposal Guidelines and Criteria developed by the Research Committee, thereby
establishing a program to provide partial funding of research projects which
investigate the efficacy of therapeutic recreation services.
1994 NTRS approved Interpretive Guidelines for the Code of
Ethics...Promoting Therapeutic Recreation—A Marketing Guide was
published...NTRS and NRPA held the first annual National Therapeutic Recreation
Professional Development Forum...NTRS focused grassroots advocacy efforts on
the need for comprehensive health care reform...NTRS established an Ad Hoc
Committee on International Affairs...NTRS completed "Therapeutic
Recreation Practitioner Analysis Study."
1995 Western Carolina University is the first institution of higher
education to offer B.S. in Recreational Therapy, offering a clinical
perspective of recreation, rather than just a therapeutic bent to a recreation
degree. WCU defines recreational therapy as the prescribed use of recreational
and other activities as
treatment interventions to improve the functional
living competence of persons with
physical, mental, emotional and/or social
disadvantages.
1995 NTRS established the NTRS Fred Humphrey Internship
Program...NTRS revised Standards of Practice for Therapeutic Recreation
Services was published...Impacting Public Policy: An Advocacy Manual for
Therapeutic Recreation and Manual for Recreation Therapy in Long-Term Care
Facilities were published.
1996 CA Assembly Bill 2853-Recreation Therapy title legislation.
1996
NTRS became a National Organization Patron of the 1996 Atlanta
Paralympic Games...NTRS revised its Philosophical Position Statement...APRS and
NTRS formed a joint committee on community recreation for people with
disabilities...Understanding Financing and Reimbursement Issues was
published...Philosophy of Therapeutic Recreation: Ideas and Issues, Volume II
was published...Preparing for a Career in Therapeutic Recreation was updated...NRPA/NTRS
established a Home Page on the Internet...Joint Task Force on Credentialing
established by NTRS and ATRA...NTRS invited by the American Medical Association
to include its information on "Preparing for a Career in Therapeutic Recreation"
in the AMA’s 1997-1998 edition of Allied Health and Rehabilitation Professions
Education Directory.
1997 Revised NTRS Internship Standards and Guidelines for
Therapeutic Recreation were published...NTRS invited to participate in the
Health Care Financing Administration’s (HCFA) Sharing Innovations in Quality
Initiative...First NTRS Edith Ball Scholarship was presented...Revised NTRS
Strategic Plan was approved...Position Statement on Inclusion adopted by
NTRS...NTRS represented on CARF National Advisory Committee.
1998 NTRS was invited to submit written testimony to the Institute
of Medicine’s Committee on Improving Quality in Long Term Care...Revised Manual
for Recreation Therapy in Long Term Care and Preparing for a Career in
Therapeutic Recreation published...NTRS approved Standards of Practice for
Paraprofessinals in Therapeutic Recreation...NTRS and ATRA approved a
Resolution and Letter of Agreement to Communicate, Cooperate and
Collaborate...NTRS established new committees and task forces in the areas of
technology, assistive technology, benefits training, adventure based
programming, and therapeutic recreation in the schools...NTRS developed its own
website...Consumer At-Large Director position was approved for the NTRS Board
of Directors.
1999 NTRS met with the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)
regarding therapeutic recreation in long term care...NTRS and VSA arts entered
into a partnership to collaborate on projects...Joint Task Force on Long Term
Care established by NTRS and ATRA...NTRS Resolution on Inclusion was approved
by the NRPA National Forum...NTRS received $17,000 in special funds from NRPA
for the "Therapeutic Recreation—The Benefits are Endless...™"
project.
2000 NTRS developed the "Therapeutic Recreation--The Benefits
are Endless...™" training program and materials...Higher Education Work
Group established by NTRS and ATRA...NRPA adopts the NTRS Position Statement on
Inclusion as an NRPA policy...Revised NTRS Vision Statement was approved...NTRS
developed a videotape highlighting the benefits of therapeutic recreation.
2001 State Recognition Options in Therapeutic Recreation: An
Educational Resource was published by NTRS and ATRA...NTRS joined the Alliance
for Disability Recreation and Sport...Best of Adventure Recreation was published...Joint
Task Force on Higher Education was established by NTRS and ATRA.
2003 Nicki Booth was the first person to receive the Edith Ball
Scholarship outisde of North America that was also studying therapeutic
recreation in a foriegn country.
2005 NTRS testified in formal IDEA hearings across the country.
2006 NTRS celebrated its 40th Anniversary.
2009 - Oklahoma Senate Bill 546, Therapeutic Recreation Practice Act
is signed
2011- NRPA drops NTRS and ATRA becomes the only association for TR
2011- Chessa comes to Brigham Young University and declares her major in Therapeutic Recreation
2015- Chessa Hedman graduates in Therapeutic Recreation from BYU and becomes a CTRS
2015-forever- Chessa helps people every day by using recreational therapy
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